leetcode_gym/_problems/singleNumberii.md

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layout	title	last_solved	category	leetcode_url	status
page	Single Number II	2020-06-22	bit manipulation	https://leetcode.com/problems/single-number-ii	Attempted

Problem

Given a non-empty array of integers, every element appears three times except for one, which appears exactly once. Find that single one.

Note:

Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?

Example 1:

Input: [2,2,3,2]
Output: 3
Example 2:

Input: [0,1,0,1,0,1,99]
Output: 99

Solution

If a number appears 3 times, then its sum of bits will be of the form 3 * n. But if it only appears once, then it's sum of bits will be n.

So iterate thru all 32 bits of integers, adding their sums, mod it by 3 and the remaining will be the answer.

Let's take [2,2,3,2] for example.

0 1 0   | 2
0 1 0   | 2
0 1 0   | 2
1 0 0   | 3
---------------
1 3 0   sum of each digit column


1 % 3 => 1
3 % 3 => 0
0 % 0 => 0

The answer is 3

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